Religious Freedom V.S. Religious Discrimination


PART 1:

Amina Khan

  1. (a) Amina Khan, (b) “Texas man with 'You belong' sign outside Irving mosque lauded after Facebook post goes viral”, (c) Dallas News, https://www.dallasnews.com/news/irving/2016/11/29/man-holding-belong-sing-front-irving-mosque-lauded-photos-go-viral-facebook
  2. (a) Amina Khan, (b) “Pig's head left at Philadelphia mosque”, (c) CNN, (d) http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/08/politics/philadelphia-mosque-pigs-head/index.html
  3. (a) Amina Khan, (b) “A Man Ripped Off A Muslim Woman’s Hijab, Screamed ‘This Is America!’, (c) Huffington Post, (d) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/man-rips-off-muslim-woman-hijab_us_5736214fe4b060aa781a48b9
  4. (a) Amina Khan, (b) “Allies Form A Circle Of Protection Around Muslim Students Praying In Michigan”, (c) Huffington Post, (d) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/michigan-human-chain-muslims-interfaith_us_582b4217e4b0e39c1fa66670



Hunter Ross
  1. (a) Hunter Ross, (b) “Anti-Islamophobia bill stalls in Congress”, (c) The New Arab, (d) https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2017/8/7/Anti-Islamophobia-bill-stalls-in-US-Congress
  2. (a) Hunter Ross, (b) "Charlie Hebdo publishes cartoon of Barcelona attack criticised for portraying Islam as inherently violent", (c) The Independent, (d) http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/charlie-hebdo-barcelona-attack-cartoon-islam-violent-inherent-controversial-french-satirical-a7910786.html
  3. (a) Hunter Ross, (b) "Cake artist at center of religious freedom case files opening brief at Supreme Court", (c) Fox News, (d) http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/08/31/cake-artist-at-center-religious-freedom-case-files-opening-brief-at-supreme-court.html
  4. (a) Hunter Ross, (b) "How to help millennials care more about religious freedom", (c) Deseret News, (d) http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865687068/Americans-under-30-are-less-supportive-of-religious-freedom-than-other-adults.html


Joshua Jordan
Religious Freedom
  1. (a) Joshua Jordan, (b) “Inside A Summer Camp Where Kids Figure Out How To Be ‘Muslim In America’”, (c) BuzzFeed News, (d) https://www.buzzfeed.com/hannahallam/a-camp-muslim-kids-can-call-their-own?utm_term=.cax4gkKqG#.hpr30k2nY

  2. (a) Joshua Jordan, (b)“Relying on faith amid Harvey's destruction”, (c) CNN (d) http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/03/us/harvey-storm-faith/index.html

  3. (a) Joshua Jordan, (b)“'In God We Trust' decals on Kaufman police cars spark backlash”, (c) WFAA, http://www.wfaa.com/news/local/in-god-we-trust-decals-on-kaufman-police-cars-spark-web-backlash/452812261
Religious Discrimination
  1. (a) Joshua Jordan, (b) “Column: After the rush job to use public money on private schools, now we wait” (c) Chicago Tribune (d) http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/zorn/ct-perspec-zorn-vouher-scholarship-illinois-0830-story.html
  2. (a) Joshua Jordan, (b) “F.B.I. Treating San Bernardino Attack as Terrorism Case” (c) NY Times (d) https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/tashfeen-malik-islamic-state.html?mcubz=3

  3. (a) Joshua Jordan, (b) “Orlando shooting: 49 killed, shooter pledged ISIS allegiance” (c) CNN (d) http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/12/us/orlando-nightclub-shooting/index.html

  4. (a) Joshua Jordan, (b) “Wait. Texas Is Spending How Much Money to Violate the Constitution?” (c) Slate (d) http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/01/21/texas_charter_schools_curriculum_teaches_creationism.html


William Pomeroy
  2. (a) William Pomeroy (b) “Supreme Court agrees to hear religious liberty case” (c) CNN (d) http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/26/politics/supreme-court-religious-liberty-case-next-term/index.html
  3. (a) William Pomeroy (b) “The U.S. Army Just Made It Easier for Religious Troops to Wear Beards, Turbans and Hijabs” (c) TIME Magazine (d) http://time.com/4625313/us-army-uniform-sikh-turbans-hijab
  4. (a) William Pomeroy (b) The Islamic veil across Europe
     (c) BBC (d) http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13038095

Halima Bala
  1. (a) Halima Bala (b) “Religious Freedom: Inconveniently important” (c) The Washington Examiner (d) http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/religious-freedom-inconveniently-important/article/2562376
  2. (a) Halima Bala (b) “Why Religious freedom matters” (c) CNN (d) http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2014/01/16/why-religious-freedom-matters/
  3. (a) Halima Bala (b)” Religious Terrorism: A short primer on Religion and terrorism” (c) ThoughtCo. (d) https://www.thoughtco.com/religious-terrorism-3209290
  4. (a) Halima Bala (b) “Does Religion cause Terrorism? It’s Complicated” (c) HuffPost (d)
            http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/31/religion-terrorism_n_944143.html

PART 2:

 Questions Answered -
3. Religious Freedom -
Most of the articles supporting religious freedom argued that everyone should be entitled to their Religious beliefs and be allowed to practice. It is however unfortunate that some extremists carry out acts of violence claiming to act in the name of religion. This has raised fears and created confusion about Religion.

Discrimination -

The articles that support discrimination argued that people take advantage of religious freedom to do bad things and kill people and to impinge on other people’s rights.

4. Cialdini: The articles selected tend to focus on the principle of “Consensus” by framing the article in such a way that the reader should agree with the populace. With Religious Freedom, it seems easier for journalists and publications to agree that more religious freedom is better unless it harms others. In an article from Deseret News, the authors push for “millennials to care more about religious freedom”. While in CNN’s article about the “Gay Cake Incident” the author frames the story in such a way that the reader sees the flaws in allowing religious freedom when it comes to preventing certain groups of people from using someone's services.

5. Supporters of the frame Religious Freedom believe that the right to exert their religious beliefs extends beyond the rights of others. That is, the right to their religious freedom allows them to behave in ways that others may find distasteful or inappropriate.  Supporters of the frame Discrimination believe that while religious freedom is important, it is not so important that it trumps the rights of others. Additionally, people should be allowed to practice their religion up to the point that it does not impinge on anyone else's rights and no further.
6. Creating a “neutral” frame:

I think that some of the most pressing characteristics that contribute to the frame of a story are the title, supporting evidence, and point of view. In identifying these characteristics, we may be better suited to create a “neutral” frame by regulating these characteristics. It seems as though everything that follows after the article title may further articulate a frame in one way or another whether intentional or not.
Titles: At the top of the page, in the largest font size is the title of the article. Whether or not the viewer reads the title first, it may still be likely that the placement, order, and font size of the article is one way the author may frame the story. Additionally, the words (subtle vs trigger) and sentence structure are likely to contribute to the overall theme of the article.

Providing Evidence: A viewer’s perception may still be skewed even if they author provides evidence. One way to curb such robust bias may be to use of facts (i.e. results from surveys and experiments) rather than commonly held beliefs that may or may not be true but do not have evidence to support the statement (i.e. religion is on the decline). To contribute to a neutral frame, it may be helpful for the author to provide evidence from both sides. For example, the author could mention that “according to a recent Gallup survey, 56% of Americans are not religious.” The author would also need to include a possible rebuttal, such as, “according to a recent Gallup poll, married couples in distress are turning to religion to rekindle their relationships.” The former alludes to the decline in religiosity while the latter illustrates that although religiosity may be on the decline, religiosity is still on the rise in some instances.
Point of View: It’s important to address both (or more) sides of an issue. For example, the author could provide a statement of why a particular, notable individual supports a certain legislative bill in addition to why another individual of the same pedigree is not in favor of the legislative bill. In this sense, the reader would be presented with counterarguments, and hopefully begin to formulate a less-biased interpretation of the story.

1st Paragraph, summary stating both (or more) sides of the issue: Upon reading each article, not one provided a summarized first paragraph that included counterarguments, only an introduction paragraph. Only presenting details in support of only one side of the issue is key to creating a frame because a viewer with no previous knowledge on the subject could be interpreting the information provided in the article as inclusive of all possible viewpoints.
All of these qualifiers may be likely to reduce the strength of a frame, becoming increasingly more neutral.
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